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Tillage and tilth

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  Tillage and Tilth B.Sc Agriculture 1st semester notes(Agronomy, AGR-111)  Based on ICAR 5th Dean TILLAGE The word tillage is derived from the anglo-saxon (cultural group which inhabited England from the 5 "century) words ‘tilian’ or ‘teolian’ meanng ‘to plough and prepare soil for seed to sow, to cultivate and to raise crops’. Jethrotull, who is considered as father of tillage suggested that thorough ploughing is necessary so as to make the soil into fine particles. Tillage refers to the mechanical manipulation of soil to provide favourable condition for crop production. It breaks the compact surface of earth to certain depth and loosens the soil mass so that roots of the crop penetrate and spread into the soil. This includes ploughing, harrowing, mechanical destruction of weeds and breaking of soil crust. Tilth: Tilth is the physical condition of soil obtained out of tillage (or) it is the result of tillage. The tilth may be a coarse tilth, fine tilth or moderate ti...
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  Continuity Ex 9.1 Q1 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q2 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q3 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q4 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q5 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q6 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q7 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q8 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q9 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q10(i)  Continuity Ex 9.1 Q10(ii)  Continuity Ex 9.1 Q10(iii)    Continuity Ex 9.1 Q10(iv)  Continuity Ex 9.1 Q10(v)  Continuity Ex 9.1 Q10(vi)  Continuity Ex 9.1 Q10(vii)  Continuity Ex 9.1 Q11 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q12 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q13 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q14 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q15 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q16 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q17 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q18 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q19 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q20 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q21 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q22 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q23 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q24 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q25 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q26 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q27 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q28 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q29 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q30 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q31 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q33 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q34 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q35 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q36 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q37 Co...
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Enzymes

Role of Enzymes and Toxin in Disease Development                                 Enzymes   The activities of pathogen in plants are largely chemical in nature. The effects caused by the pathogens on plants are almost entirely the result of biochemical reactions taking place   between substances secreted by the pathogens and those present in, or produced by the plants.    Among the plant pathogens, all except viruses and viroids are not known to produce any   substances themselves, but they induce the host cell to produce either excessive amount of certain substances already found in the healthy host cell or substances completely new to the host. Some of the substances are enzymes, growth regulators and toxins. In general,plant pathogenic enzymes disintegrate the structural components of the host cell, break down in...
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