Posts

Enzymes

Role of Enzymes and Toxin in Disease Development                                 Enzymes   The activities of pathogen in plants are largely chemical in nature. The effects caused by the pathogens on plants are almost entirely the result of biochemical reactions taking place   between substances secreted by the pathogens and those present in, or produced by the plants.    Among the plant pathogens, all except viruses and viroids are not known to produce any   substances themselves, but they induce the host cell to produce either excessive amount of certain substances already found in the healthy host cell or substances completely new to the host. Some of the substances are enzymes, growth regulators and toxins. In general,plant pathogenic enzymes disintegrate the structural components of the host cell, break down in...
Post a Comment
Read more

Transduction

Image
Transduction Transduction is an event in which bacteriophages function as vectors/ vehicles to transfer of DNA from donor bacteria to recipient bacteria.   Transfer of bacterial genes by phage was discovered by Zinder and   Lederberg in 1952 in Salmonella typhimurium. Transduction   mechanism is occur in two ways. 1. Generalized transduction 2. Specialized transduction The bacteriophage containing the bacterial DNA of donor is called   transfusing phage. Bacteriophages are two types. i) Virulent phage: Virulent phage follow lytic cycle capable of causing   bacterial infection and eventually destruction and death of bacterial   cell e. g. T4 Phage ii) Temperate phage: Phage does not cause disruptic infection instead   phage DNA incorporated into bacterial DNA and replicate Lysogenic   and after sometime become virulent cause lysis. e. g. λ phage   1. Generalized transduction: In generalised transduction, a DNA   fragment is transferred fr...
Post a Comment
Read more

Banned pesticides in India

LIST OF PESTICIDES WHICH ARE  BANNED,REFUSED REGISTRATION AND RESTRICTED IN USE:  (As on 01.01.2021)   I. PESTICIDES / FORMULATIONS BANNED IN INDIA   A. Pesticides Banned for manufacture, import and use .   1. Alachlor(Vide S.O. 3951(E), dated 08.08.2018)   2. Aldicarb (vide S.O. 682 (E) dated 17th July2001)   3. Aldrin   4. Benzene Hexachloride   5. Benomyl (vide S.O 3951(E) dated 8th August, 2018)   6. Calcium Cyanide   7. Carbaryl (vide S.O 3951(E) dated 8th August, 2018)   8. Chlorbenzilate (vide S.O. 682 (E) dated 17th July 2001)   9. Chlordane   10. Chlorofenvinphos   11. Copper Acetoarsenite   12. Diazinon (vide S.O 3951(E) dated 8th August, 2018)   13. Dibromochloropropane (DBCP) (vide S.O. 569 (E) dated 25th July1989)   14. Dichlorovos(Vide S.O. 3951(E), dated 08.08.2018)   15. Dieldrin (vide S.O. 682 (E) dated 17th July 2001)   16. Endosulfron (vide ad-Interim order of the Su...
Post a Comment
Read more

Groundnut

Image
  AGR — 211:  Crop Production Technology-I (Kharif Crops)                            Ground nut     Importance:  The word ‘Arachis  hypogaea’  has been derived  from the Greek word  ‘Arachis’ meaning legume  and   ‘hypogea’  meaning  below  ground.  Groundnut  also  known  as  earth  nut,  peanut, monkey  nut   and Manila  nut  is  the  most  important  oilseed crop  in India.  it is  cultivated  for  its  kernels (seeds) which are rich in oil (40 to 45%) and protein (18 to 26%). Groundnut  is primarily  used  in  manufacturing  of  vegetable  oil.  Groundnut  kernel  as  a whole is highly digestible and concentrated food which supplies 5.8 calories per gram. Biological value of g...
Post a Comment
Read more

Seed and Sowing

  Seeds and Sowing   B.Sc Agriculture 1st semester notes(Agronomy, AGR-111) Based on ICAR 5th Dean Plants reproduce sexually by seeds and asexually by vegetative parts. Good quality planting material is prerequisite to profitable crop production. The seed or planting material largely determines the quality and quantity of the produce because it is the basic source of genetic material of the crop. Seed Botanically, seed may be defined as a fertilized ovule consisting of intact embryo, endosperm (stored food) and seed coat which is viable and has got the capacity to germinate. Endosperm is the storage organ for food substance that nourishes the embryo during itsdevelopment. Seed coat is the outer cover that protects or shields the embryo and endosperm. Agronomically, seed may be defined as any planting material which is used for further propagation of the plant thus the agronomic definition of seed includes sugarcane sets, potato tubers and rooted slips of Napier grass. ...
Post a Comment
Read more

Tillage and tilth

Image
  Tillage and Tilth B.Sc Agriculture 1st semester notes(Agronomy, AGR-111)  Based on ICAR 5th Dean TILLAGE The word tillage is derived from the anglo-saxon (cultural group which inhabited England from the 5 "century) words ‘tilian’ or ‘teolian’ meanng ‘to plough and prepare soil for seed to sow, to cultivate and to raise crops’. Jethrotull, who is considered as father of tillage suggested that thorough ploughing is necessary so as to make the soil into fine particles. Tillage refers to the mechanical manipulation of soil to provide favourable condition for crop production. It breaks the compact surface of earth to certain depth and loosens the soil mass so that roots of the crop penetrate and spread into the soil. This includes ploughing, harrowing, mechanical destruction of weeds and breaking of soil crust. Tilth: Tilth is the physical condition of soil obtained out of tillage (or) it is the result of tillage. The tilth may be a coarse tilth, fine tilth or moderate ti...
Post a Comment
Read more

B.Sc Agriculture Notes

Image
 B.Sc Agriculture Notes  Click on button the button below Click on the button
Post a Comment
Read more
Image
  Continuity Ex 9.1 Q1 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q2 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q3 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q4 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q5 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q6 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q7 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q8 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q9 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q10(i)  Continuity Ex 9.1 Q10(ii)  Continuity Ex 9.1 Q10(iii)    Continuity Ex 9.1 Q10(iv)  Continuity Ex 9.1 Q10(v)  Continuity Ex 9.1 Q10(vi)  Continuity Ex 9.1 Q10(vii)  Continuity Ex 9.1 Q11 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q12 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q13 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q14 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q15 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q16 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q17 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q18 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q19 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q20 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q21 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q22 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q23 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q24 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q25 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q26 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q27 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q28 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q29 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q30 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q31 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q33 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q34 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q35 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q36 Continuity Ex 9.1 Q37 Co...
Post a Comment
Read more